System Design Interview Roadmap

System Design Interview Roadmap

Denormalization: When to Break the Rules

Article #42 of System Design Roadmap series, Part II: Data Storage

May 22, 2025
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Introduction: The Normalization Paradox

In our previous article, we explored the elegant world of database normalization—those well-structured principles that eliminate redundancy and ensure data integrity. Today, we're going to explore something that might feel counterintuitive: deliberately breaking those same rules.

As your systems scale beyond textbook examples into the realm of millions of requests per second, you'll discover a curious paradox: sometimes the "correct" solution becomes your biggest bottleneck.

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